Control system



H. E. WARREN.

CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2, 1920.

m m w :e 9 rr w H m n e r m n ,o M efi m e 5 A m WF/ m n .R P z H W M0 w 6 9 0 2 To all whom it may concern I UNITED S"TA' l:E S fTEN F E:

HENRY 3 W EN, or ASHLAN'D, MAssAoHUsETTs, ASSIGNOR To WARREN once: I

COMPANY, A CORPORATION or M INE.

conTnoL sYsTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 11116 27 1922 Application filed Octoberit, 1920. Serial No. 414,161.

Be it known that'I, HENRY WAnnnN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ashland, county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, have invented. certain .new

and useful Improvements in. Control Sys:

tems, ofwhich the following is a specification;

. My inventionrelates to control sy' tems, and more particularly to speed contro systems, such for example as those to which -are connected, in addition to the ordinary commercial load, electrically operated secondary clocks.

p from a commercial source may indicate accurately, it is necessary to insure a] constant 7 rate of the indicating elements. Where the rate of the; secondary clocks is; directly de. pendent, upon the speed of rotating apparatus at the central station, it is evident I that "a speed control system must be used for maintaining the average speed of the rotating apparatus at an absolutely uniform value. Incase synchronous motor'driven --secondaryclocks are operated from a commercial alternating current system, it thus --necessary that the average frequency be maintained at a constant value," so that the secondaryclocks connected. on the system. may always indicate accurately,- since the; speed of the motors is absolutely propor tional to theirequency. Inmany' instances it is highly desirable that the regulation of the system be automaticso that no manual adjustments of speedneed be made. ,It is.

. the main object of my invention to provide an extremely eflicientand simple controlling means. for effecting this regulation.

"In addition to theneed for speedregulation, it is also necessary to take care of.tem-,

jporary' interruptions in the service, sothat the secondary clocks may. bebrought back into coincidence with 'an accuratelyadjus'ted time piece. This is. especially iinpertant" since it is impossible to safeguard totally" ,temporary interruptions. There are for the, most part of shortdurja;

against these 1 non, although there maybe. possibilities,

very infrequently, that the interruption ex tends forges. longa period as one .or] two hours. ZIt-is extremelydesi-iable whether the interruptions be short or long, to arrange .-matters in-such a way that upon the resump be speeded up by means of-an increase in the. speed of the rotating apparatus at the central station While the secondary clocks are slow, i. e; while their indications are behind that of a standard timepiece- This increase above normal rate of the secondary clocks are drivenby'self-starting synchro-.

nous motors, or by other'self-starting mechay nisms, such as direct current electromagnets, In order' that secondary clocks operated",

for then it is absolutely certain that each myinvention, provided :it is one inwhich the speed of the secondary clocks depends directly upon: the speed of rotating appa ratus at the central station. In the case of {synchronous motordriven clocks, the rotat-.

ing apparatus comprises a source ofi 'alternatlng current, the frequency of which is to be controlled. [It is thus another object of my invention to provide acontrolling.

means whereby extendedinterruptions of- I the service may be compensated for auto-:.

matic'ally' upon resumption of the service.

Variousother objects and advantages of my controlsystem will become apparent as the description proceeds.

The construction and mode of operation it of my invention will be understood fromuthe following description taken in connection with; the accompanying drawing, in. which Figure 1...is a diagrammatic representation .Fi'g. i a, partial sectional view showing a, mechanical d a ing, whereinlike. refe ence characters refer -to like parts throughout, I have shown a sys'teni of distribution, the mains of [which .are shown at 1-and:2,'f or=supplying. an ordiindicated diagrammatically at 12,: is system maybe for example, an alternating cur Referring now mor' in detail-to the draw-- a {of the .variouselements infmy system tor gether with their... electrical connections; and 5 nary commercial load. 11, such as light and po'wer, andgforsupplying secondarly clocks h rent system, either single phasev or :polyphase. The mains .1, '2 are supplied with power from a rotating apparatus'designated 56 tion of the service the secondary clocks may in general by the numeral-3, Any source'of here be pointed out.

, converter, it is absolutely immaterial so far mechanical power may be used to drive the rotating apparatus, the speed of which determines the frequency of the alternating current system, and thus the rate of the,

clocks. In this case the motive means and the alternating current generator happen to be combined in a single structure, to form an inverted synchronous converter. A system utilizing a synchronous converter for changing direct current into alternating current at a definite frequency may find application in the distribution of time in hotels, large office buildings, etc. In such places it is quite common to havean-isolated plant for supplying the light and power, comprising a direct current dynamo operated by a prime mover. Under such circumstances it is more convenient to operate a converting apparatus instead of using aseparate prime mover. The synchronous converter, which is brought into mechanical rotation from thedirect current mains, may then be made of a very small size for operating the clocks alone, or sufliciently large to operate other forms of load also. An inverted synchronous converter has certain advantages over a motor generator set, which advantages may With a synchronous as the speed of the machine is concerned what the alternating current voltage is. The value of the alternating current volt-age is a function simply of the direct current voltage. It is true that the speed of the rotating apparatus, in this case the rotary converter 3, isusually maintained at a very even speed, but it may become necessary as pointed out before to increase temporarily the speed of the apparatus in order that'the secondary clocks may gain their lost time. Under such circumstances with an ordinary alternating current generator a voltageregulating means would be necessary, With my invention, however, such voltage regulating means may be dispensed with, since there is no variation of voltage due simply to the variation of speed. With self-starting synchronous motor driven secondary clocks, it

is especially important that the voltage ap plled to the synchronous motors be held fairly constant, for otherwise the. synchronous motors may fall temporarily out of tep- The direct current source of supply, which connects to the brushes 5, 5 of the synchronous converter' 3are shown by the mains 6 and 7 and labeled respectively plus and minus. The stationary exciting field coils 8 of the synchronous converter are also adapted to be supplied from the direct current mains G'and and the amount ofcurrent fiowi'ng-therethrough maybe determined by manually setting the varlable resistance 9 by means of. contact 10. In order that the secondary clocks 12 may indicate accurately,

it is necessary to maintain the average frequency 'of the alternating current system, or

vthe average speed of the rotating apparatus 3, at an absolutely; uniform value. To perform this function I make use of a regulating apparatus shown in general at 13. In

this instance the speed regulation is obtained by varying the constants of the direct current net-work of the converter; for example,

the converter 3 isa trlfle fast when the re- 7, sistance 14 is in circuit and a trifle slow.

when the resistance 14 is out of circuit. The change in speed of the converter 3 occurs at fairly frequent intervals, and depends upon how much the secondary clocks must gain orlose to set into operation the'regulating means.

Thus if the resistances 9 and 14 are properly chosen, the controlling means may be inactive to change the speed of the converter for as long as five or ten minutes.

Of courseit is possible to change this inter- 1 val by varying the constants of the circuit, should it be necessary.

The-regulating apparatus 13 is dependent for its action upon the comparison of the speedof the converter 3 and of a standard timepiece which has been accurately ad-' justed. The speed of the converter .3 is duplicated in the apparatus 13 by means of the sma l synchronous motor 15 adapted to be supplied from the mains 1, 2 and here showna of the self-starting type, such as shown for instance, in various Letters Patent grant ed to me, No. 1,283,432; 1,283,433; and 1,283,435, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. The standard timepiece in this instance'comprises the pendulum 16, scape-wheel 17' and pawl 18. In order to compare the speeds of-the synchronous motor 15 and the standard timepiece, I make use ofan endless flexible member such as a belt or chain 19, having a loop 20 therein and adapted to be'driven at one point, by means of the synchronous motor 15 and atanother point adapted to be advanced in accordance with the speed of the standard timepiece. The particular. transmission between the motor and the flexible member will; be later described. By appropriate gearing, the belt or chain 19,- whi ch is made of such flexible material as a steel strip or of links, and which is prevented from slipping over the driving'pulleys 21 and 22 by meansof 23 engaging the belt or chain, is allowed to be advanced by the. standard timepiece at the-same rate as it is being driven by the'synchrono'us motor when the speed of thismotor is at the correct value. In this: way the length of the loop stays constant, rovided the speed of the converter .3 is at t e proper value; and this length furthermore may be'usedas an indication of the. accumulated'ex'cess in time of the secondar clocks over the indication of the, standar v timepiece or vice-Versa I have not shown the indicating apparatus other means for duplicating the motion of the rotating apparatus 3 .in the apparatus 13 may be utilized forv moving endless flexadvantageous'when'it is desired to have the" ical connection between converter 3 and regible member'2O instead of the synchronous motor 15, but the means I have shown is regulating apparatus at a considerable distance from the'rotating apparatus or converter- 3, sinceby'this means actual-mechan ulating apparatus 13 isobviated. The diirections of rotation of the synchronousmotor 15 and of the shaftsdriven or advanced by the standard'time ieoe are such that theloop .lengthens'when t e synchronous'motor 15 stops or rotates too slowly. The proper:

direction of rotation of the driven'pulleysf 21 and 22 is shown. by the'a'rrows thereon.

With this arrangement it is not essential to i 7 use vaspringflfor keeping the; pendulum o- 1 ing; since the requisite energy for doing t is is obtained from motor 15 through the mechanical connections between the motor and- .thetim'epiece; a

-' .;Located within' the loop 20 is the sheave" 24'whichmay act as a weight, orif this be insuflicient an extra weight "or movable member 25-may be added, suspended on the shaftof the sheave 24c.v This weight: serves .to keep the pendulum going even after an interruption in the service because it de scendsandgiveslup its potential energy to the-pendulum through the-intermediate mechanicalconnections; "As shown in my prior patents referred to above,-the motor 15 has an irreversible drivefsomewhere in its. train" of gears, such: asa worm and wheel, where i by lt lS impossible for the'flmovable' member 'orweight 25' t0 iotate the motor backwards when the motor stops. It, is evident. that the length of the loop'20, as well as the posi tion of movablemeinber 25,'is. a function of.

the variation intime between the secondary clocks and the standard timepiece. I .uti-

' sheave 24 and weight,

lize this variation in length .for performing the regulating functions. may also in addition employ an indicator 26 for de-- termining the variation between the secondaryclooks and the standard timepiece. In th s case the pointer is moved in response to variations in length ofthe loop 20 by means ofa fle'xibleconnection or cord27 joined at one end to the axle of the sheave 24 and at the other end to the drum 28 which carries the pointer. In order to keep the flexible element taut at all times, a spring take-up 29 is utilized comprising. a spur gear 30 rigidly fastened to the drum 28 and a spur gear 31 loosely mounted on stationary shaft 32. Rig-idly fastened at its inner'end to the shaft 32 is a helicalspring 33 of comparatively light construction. The outer end of this spring is fastened to the gear '31. It is evident that this helical spring 33 acts to stretch the member 27 at all times.

The means for, indicating-the variation in time as shown by the secondary clocks from that of the'standarcltimepiece is not claimed in this application but is described and claimed in an application filedin my name, Serial No. 397,92Q,',filed July 21, 1920, entitled Time indicating apparatus and assigned-to the same-assignee as the present invention. f I

As has beenstatedj heretofore, the variation in length of the loop 20 may be uti lized in any well known manner for effecting the regulation. of'the speed of the-confverter 3. In this-instance the rise and fall of the movable member 25 is made use of to make and break certain electrical contacts. 134:; adapted to 'be tilted to perform this func tion.- This member-maybe a' mercury con- For this purpose I show a member tact tube, and I vshow this member as the ivoted lever;34 simply for ease of illus- .t' ation," gforming' one contact, co-operating with stationary contact- 35. When the 25 rises, which shows that the-secondary ,clocks are fast, a contact is made the lever 34' and the I v stationary contact point' 35.

The contacts thus made-serve to short-circuit section 14;

of the resistance 9-included 'in the field -circuit of the converterf3. It is of course to be understood that although I have shown this action taking place without any intermediary apparatus, in man "instances it maybe advisablelto relay ,t is action so' jthat the current flowingthrough'the field circuit need not traverse the contacts car'- ried by the tiltable member'34. 1 Such modifications are-immediately obvious to a skilled electrician and need .not be described in any great detail.' The short-circuiting of the. --resistance 145*causes the field of the, converter 3 to be more strongly energized, and

therefore the speed drops. Upon dropping of the .speedfthe loop 20 lengthens andthe quency of the system which is dependent on the speed of the rotating apparatus 3 is maintained at the proper value. A stop pin 36 serves to limit the downward movement of the tiltable member. 34, in case the loop lengthens due to an interruption in the service. While I have shown a control system as appliead to a synchronous converter, obvious mo ifications may be made use of to vary the speed of prime movers driving alternating current generators or rotating apparatus in general, operated by a variation in the length of the loop 20. It is evident that it is possible to arrange matters'so that the tiltable member 34 does not interfere with the free movement of the member 25. The function of member 25 is merely to tilt this tiltable member .34 either up or down, as it moves up or down, away from normal or central position.

One of-the greatest advantages resulting from the use of my system is that the movable member or weight 25 may move downward upon a lengthy interrupation in service without causing any damage or other abnormal condition of the apparatus. Assume for example that there is an interruption of an appreciable length of time in the service or that there have been several such interruptions in a short period of time; the movable weight 25 is then entirely disengaged from the tiltable member 34 and contact between this member and the contact is open. The effect of the interruption of the service is merely to allow the weight 25 to descend and it may keep on descending for an appreciable time as much as a few hours. Now, when the current is turned on again upon a resumption in service, the conditions are such that the con verter .3 has a speed higher than normal since resistance 16 is inserted in the field circuit until the tiltable member 34 is reengaged by the movable member 25 when the length of the loop becomes normal, and this tiltable member is made to contact with the point 35, short-circuiting the section 14. Of course it is to be understood that other well known regulating means may be utilized for speed variation.

As shown most clearly in F1 2, the motor 15 or other device which uplicates the movement of the secondary clocks 12, transmits its motion to the flexible member 19 through a clutch, preferably an ordinary stood that gear 39 and the disc 38 may freelyrotate upon this shaft when the two faces of the friction clutch are not in operative engagement.

The form of transmission described has the important advantage that it makes possible a manual adjustment of the length of the loop 20 by rotating the pulley 21. An example where manual adjustment of the loop length is important occurs whenit is manner described. may be necessary when the system is just installed, and also when the secondary clocks are to be set to comply with so-called daylight saving laws.

For ascertaining accurately how much the loop is shortened or lengthened, I make use of appropriate indicating means, such 'as a dial 43 with which a pointer 44 cooperates. The dial is appropriately marked in minutes and seconds, and is carried by the face of the clock. The pointer 44 is fastened to the shaft 42 and rotates therefore in unison with the pulley 21. A knob 45 is provided, as shown, for rotating the pulley 21 manually. While the synchronous motor 15 is rotating, the hand 44 also rotates. When a manual adjustment is to be made, the knob 45 is quickly turned against or with the movement of the pointer 44 any given number of seconds, as shown on the dial 43. It is ofcourse evident that manual setting is very rarely needed, since ordinarily once the secondary clocks are 1n step with the standard timepiece, they will re;

1 dente with that of the standard timepiece-- dications of the secondary clocks into coincidence with that of the standard. timepiece after an interruption in the service, comprising means for increasing the speed of the synchronous motors above their normal rate while the secondary clocks are slow,

' said means being rendered active by the noncoincidence of the indications of the secondary clocks and'the standard timepiece.

.2. In a system for the indication of time bymeans of secondary clocks driven by synchronous motors supplied from rotating a paratus the speed of which determines t e frequency of the system, means for causing the secondary clocks to indicateacc'urately comprising an accurately adjusted timepiece, means for controlling the speed of said rotating apparatus so that itmay ro-' tate either slow or fast as compared with the speed necessary to obtain correct indications, and means whereby the effect of said controlling means is determined by the diflt'erencein the indications between the secondary clocks and the timepiece, v

3. In a system. for the distribution of time by means of secondary clocksdriven byselfQstarting synchronous motors, a standard timepiece, andmeans for bringing. the indications of the secondary clocks into coincidence with that of the standard. time piece after one or more interruptions in the rvice, each of appreciable duration, comthe service for increasing the speed of said secondary clocks above their normal rate "until they indicate accurately.

4. In a system for the mdication of time I by means of secondary clocks driven by selfstarting synchronous motors supplied from v rotating apparatus, the speed of whichde termines' the frequency of the; system, a

- standard timepiece, and means for bringing the indications of the secondary clocks into coincidence with that otthe standard timepiece after an interruption in the serv ice of appreciable duration,' comprising.

means active upon a resumption in the service .for incrcasing the speed ofsaid rotating apparatus abovejits normal-rate until the secondary clocks indicate accurately.

5. In a system for the indication-oftime by-means of secondary clocks. driven by self-- starting "synchronous motors, a standard timepiece .and means for bringing the indi;

cations of the secondary clocks into coinciafter-one or more interruptions in the service, each of appreciable'duration comprising an endless flexible ,member forming a loop 1- the rotating apparatus.

of said loop is made a function of the variation in the time of the secondary clocks from the standard timepiece, and means active upon a resumption of the current and while the length of said loop is not normal, for increasing the speed of said secondary clocks.

6. In a system for the indication of time by means of electrically operated secondary clocks supplied-from rotating apparatus, the speed of which determines the rateof the secondary clocks, astandard timepiece, and means .for bringing the indications of the secondary clocks into coincidence with that of the standard timepiece after one or more interruptions in the service, each of appreciable duration, comprising means active upon a resumptionof the service for increasing'the speed; of said apparatus above its normal rate until the" secondary clocks indicate correctly; v H

7 In a-system forthe indication of time by means of synchronous motor driven secondary clocks supplied from rotating apparatus, the speed of which determines the fre quency, means for causing the secondary clocks to indicate accurately after an interruption of appreciable duration in the operation ofsaid rotating apparatus, said means comprising an accurately adjusted timepiece,- an-endless flexible member, means for driving said member in synchronism with the rotating apparatus, means for causing 'said member to be advanced at another"; place in synchronism with the ,movement .of the timepiece, whereby the length of the member included be tween the places where it is being ad- .vanced by said two latter. means is a function of the variation in time between the secondary clocks and the adjusted timepiece, and means for varying the speed of'the rotating apparatus, said means belng .acutated ,in response to ava'riation in said length.

8. In a, system for the indication of time by means of secondary clocks driven by selfstarting synchronous motors .supplied for rotating apparatus, the speed of which determines the frequency of the system, meansfor causing the secondary clocks to indicate accurately comprising. an accurately adjusted timepiece, a movable member, means for determining the position of said me her in accordance with the accumulated excess of indications of the accurately adjusted timepiece over that of the s'econdagy clocks, or vice versa, and means actuate movable member for varying the speed of to indicate ac-' by the timepiece, a direct current source, a synchronous converter fed therefrom, supplying alternating current to the secondary clocks,

a movable member, means for determining the position of said member in accordance with the accumulated excess of indications of the accurately'adjusted timepiece over that of the secondary clocks or vice versa,

and means actuated by the'movable member for carrying the constants of the directcurrent network of the converter whereby its speed may be varied.

10. In a system for the indication of time by means of Synchronous motor driven secondary clocks supplied fromrotating app-aratus, the speed of which determines the frequency of the system, means for causing the secondary clocks to indicate accurately, comprising an accurately adjusted timepiece, a movable member, means fordetermining the position of said member in accordance with the accumulated excess of indications of the accurately adjusted timepiece over that of the secondary clocks or vice versa, and means controlled by said movable member for varying the speed of the rotating apparatus so as to make it either fast .or slow as compared with the speed necessary for correct indication.

11. In a system for the indication of time by means of electrically operated secondary clocks supplied from rotating apparatus, the speed'of which determines the rate of the secondary clocks, a standard timepiece, and means for bringing the, indications of the secondary clocks into coincidence with that of the standard timepiece after one or more interruptions in the surfave, each of appreciable duration, member, means for determining the position of said member in accordance with the amount of time that the secondary clocks are behind the standard timepiece, and means operated by said movable member and active'upon a resumption of the service fol increasing the speed of said rotating apparatus above its normal rateuntil. the s c.

' ondary clocks indicate correctly.

12. In asystem for the indication of time by means of electrically operated secondary clocks supplied from rotating apparatus,

the speed of which determines the rate of the secondary clocks, means} for causing the secondary clocks to indicate accurately after an interruption ofYappreoiableduration in the operation of said rotating apparatus, said means comprising' an accurately comprising a movable 'by said two latter means is a function of the variation in time between the second ary clocks and the adjusted timepiece, and

'means for varying the speed of the rotating apparatus, said means being actuated in response to a variation in said length.

13. In a system for the indication of time by means of electrically operated secondary clocks supplied from rotating apparatus,

the speed of which determines the rate of the secondary clocks, means for causing the secondary clocks to indicate accurately comprising an accurately adjusted. timepiece, a'movable member, means for determining 'the position of said member in accordance with the accumulated excess of indications of the accurately 'adjusted timepiece over that of the secondary clocks, or vice versa, and means actuated by the movable member for varying the speed of the, rotating ap paratus.

14. In a speedcontrol system for rotating i apparatus, an accurately adjusted timepiece, an endless flexible member,.means for driving said member in synchronism with the.

rotating apparatus, means for causing said member to be advanced at another place in synchronism with the movement of the timepiece, whereby the length of the member included between the places where it is being advanced by said two latter means is a measure of the number of revolutions lost or gained by said rotating apparatus due to abnormal variations in speed of appreciable duration, and means for varying the speed of the rotating apparatus, said means being actuated in response to a variation in said length.

15. A system for the indication of time" by means of electrically operated secondary clocks-wherein the indications of the secondary clocks are compared with that of a standard timepiece, characterized by the fact that the non-coincidence of these indications is made use of after an interruption in the service of an appreciable dura tion for speeding up the clocks until they indicate accurately;

16. A system for the indication of time by means of secondary clocks driven by selfstarting synchronous motors. wherein the indicationsof the secondaryclocks are compared with thatof a standard timepiece,

characterized by the fact that the non-coincidence of these indications is made use of after an interruption in the service of an appreciable duration for increasing the frequency of the current supplied to the clocks until they indicate accurately. I I

17 In a speed control system for rotatingapparatus, an accurately adjusted timepiece, an endless flexible member, means for driving said member in'synchronism with the rotating apparatus, means for causing saidmember to be advanced at another place in synchronism with the movement of paratus due to abnormal variations from normal speed, means for varying the speed of the rotating apparatus actuated in response to a; variation in said length, and means for manually varying the length of said member included between the places where it is being advanced.

18. In a system for the indication of time by means of electrically driven see ondary clocks supplied with current from rotating apparatus the speed of which de' termines the rate of the clocks, an accu rately adjusted timepiece, means for varying the speed of said rotating apparatus, said means being normally set in operation by the variation of the time indications between the secondary clocks and the standard timepiece, and means for manually causing said speed varying means to operate until the secondary clocks gain or lose a predetermined amount.

19. In a system for the indication of time by means of electrically driven secondary clocks, an accurately adjusted timepiece, an endless flexible member forming a loop, means for momentarily causing a variation in the rate of the secondary clocks from that of the standard timepiece to vary the nor-- mal length of the loop, means for varying the rate of the clocks for appreciable durations of time in response to a variation from the normal length of the loop, and manual means for independently varying the length of said loop.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 29th day of Sept, 1920.

HENRY E. WARREN.

. v Certificate of Correction. It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,420,896, granted June 27, 1922,

7 upon the application of Henry E. Warren, of Ashland, .Massachusetts for an improvement in Control Systems, errors appear in the printed-specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 48, for the word There read These;

page 5, line 1109, claim 7 for the misspelled word acutated read actuated; page 6,1ine 10, claim 9, for the word carrying read oaryz'ng; same page, line 38,

' claim-11, for the misspelled word surfave read se'rwvlee; and that the said Lettors gatent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice. I

Signed and sealed this 8th day of August, A. 1)., 192 2. I

' KA RL FENNING, Acting Oomqrriseioner of Patehta. 

